Background: Proton-pump-inhibitors are often prescribed unnecessarily in hospitals, which in turn induces their prescriptions after discharge. Objective: To evaluate patients starting treatment with proton-pump-inhibitors during hospitalisation and proportion of inappropriate prescriptions. Patient risk factors and whether initiation in hospital induced their continuation in ambulatory care were also analyzed. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital (1350 beds) was carried out on the first Tuesday in February 2015. Pharmacists screened admitted patients treated with proton-pump-inhibitors using an electronic prescription program (FarmaTools®-5.0). They also checked patients' home medications before admission by accessing a primary care program (Horus®). Authorized indications according to Spanish-Medicines-Agency and those recommended in Spanish-Clinical-Practice-Guidelines were considered appropriate. Hospital-medical-records were checked to know whether proton-pump-inhibitors were prescribed at discharge. Results: Three hundred seventy nine patients were analysed. Two hundred ninety four of them were prescribed proton-pump-inhibitors (77.6%). Treatment was initiated during admission for 143 patients (48.6%, 95% CI: 42.8-54.5). Of them, 91 (63.6%, 95% CI: 55.2-71.5) were inappropriate, mainly due to its inclusion unnecessarily in protocols associated with surgeries or diseases (56 cases of 91, 61.5%). Additional inappropriate indications were surgical stress ulcer prophylaxis for surgeries without bleeding risks (19.8%) and polypharmacy without drugs that increase the risk of bleeding (18.7%). Of 232 discharge reports assessed, in 153 (65.9%, 95% CI: 59.5-72), proton-pump-inhibitor continuation was recommended, of them, 51 (33.3%) were initiated at admission. Conclusion: In hospitalized patients there is a high prevalence of prescription of proton-pump-inhibitors unnecessarily. The superfluous use is often associated with the prescription of treatment protocols. Those treatments started in the hospital generally did not contribute to over-use existing primary care, most of them were removed at discharge.

A conglomerate of cases may be defined as the onset of a number of cases of a disease larger than would be expected for a certain population group, geographical area or a certain timeframe. In the case of cancer, the study of conglomerates entails a number of specific characteristics as compared to other groups of diseases. This work is aimed at proposing a protocol affording the possibility of conducting the study of cancer conglomerates in time and/or space. This article is illustrated with a practical application in the case of the Campdorà District in Girona. Following a proposed protocol for the study of conglomerates, a description is provided of several statistical tools making it possible to draw a comparison among the existence of time-related groupings, as well as the related risk. During the period studied (1994-2002), no excessive statistically significant number of cancer cases seemed to have occurred in the Campdorà District in Girona.

Un conglomerado de casos puede definirse como la aparición de un número de casos de una enfermedad en una cantidad superior a la que se esperaría para un determinado grupo de población, un área geográfica y un período de tiempo determinado. En el caso del cáncer el estudio de conglomerados presenta una serie de características específicas respecto a otras agrupaciones de enfermedades. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un protocolo que permita desarrollar el estudio de conglomerados de cáncer en el tiempo y/o en el espacio. Ilustramos la nota con una aplicación práctica en el caso del barrio de Campdorà, Girona. Tras proponer un protocolo para el estudio de conglomerados, describimos varios instrumentos estadísticos que permiten contrastar la existencia de agrupaciones temporales, así como el riesgo asociado. Durante el período considerado, 1994-2002, no pareció haber ocurrido de forma estadísticamente significativa, un exceso de casos de cáncer en el barrio de Campdorà de Girona.

A conglomerate of cases may be defined as the onset of a number of cases of a disease larger than would be expected for a certain population group, geographical area or a certain timeframe. In the case of cancer, the study of conglomerates entails a number of specific characteristics as compared to other groups of diseases. This work is aimed at proposing a protocol affording the possibility of conducting the study of cancer conglomerates in time and/or space. This article is illustrated with a practical application in the case of the Campdorà District in Girona. Following a proposed protocol for the study of conglomerates, a description is provided of several statistical tools making it possible to draw a comparison among the existence of time-related groupings, as well as the related risk. During the period studied (1994-2002), no excessive statistically significant number of cancer cases seemed to have occurred in the Campdorà District in Girona.

Un conglomerado de casos puede definirse como la aparición de un número de casos de una enfermedad en una cantidad superior a la que se esperaría para un determinado grupo de población, un área geográfica y un período de tiempo determinado. En el caso del cáncer el estudio de conglomerados presenta una serie de características específicas respecto a otras agrupaciones de enfermedades. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un protocolo que permita desarrollar el estudio de conglomerados de cáncer en el tiempo y/o en el espacio. Ilustramos la nota con una aplicación práctica en el caso del barrio de Campdorà, Girona. Tras proponer un protocolo para el estudio de conglomerados, describimos varios instrumentos estadísticos que permiten contrastar la existencia de agrupaciones temporales, así como el riesgo asociado. Durante el período considerado, 1994-2002, no pareció haber ocurrido de forma estadísticamente significativa, un exceso de casos de cáncer en el barrio de Campdorà de Girona.